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Federal Reserve officials won’t be able to trade a slew of assets including stocks and bonds — as well as cryptocurrencies — under new rules that became formal Friday.

Following up on regulations announced in October, the policymaking Federal Open Market Committee announced that most of the restrictions will take effect May 1.

The rules will cover FOMC members, regional bank presidents and a raft of other officials including staff officers, bond desk managers and Fed employees who regularly attend board meetings. They also extend to spouses and minor children.

“The Federal Reserve expects that additional staff will become subject to all or parts of these rules after the completion of further review and analysis,” a release announcing the rules stated.

The rules “aim to support public confidence in the impartiality and integrity of the Committee’s work by guarding against even the appearance of any conflict of interest,” the statement also said.

Central bank officials acted after disclosures last year that several senior Fed officials had been trading individual stocks and stock funds just before the time the central bank adopted sweeping measures aimed at boosting the economy in the early days of the Covid spread.

Regional presidents Eric Rosengren of Boston and Robert Kaplan left their positions following the controversy.

The announcement Friday extended the ban to cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, which were not mentioned in the original announcement in October.

Under the regulations, officials still holding market positions will still have 12 months to shed prohibited positions. New Fed officials will have six months to do so.

In the future, officials covered by the new rules must give 45 days’ notice before making any permissible asset purchases, a restriction that will go into effect July 1. They then will have to hold those positions for at least a year and will be banned from any trading during “periods of heightened financial market stress.” There is no set definition of the term, which will be determined by the Fed chair and the board’s general counsel.

Along with stocks, bonds and crypto, the ban extends to commodities, foreign currencies, sector index funds, derivatives, short positions and agency securities or using margin debt to buy assets.

Congress has been debating a measure that also will restrict its members from owning individual stocks, though it has not been adopted yet.

There may be plenty of reasons to confirm President Joe Biden’s nominees to the Federal Reserve, but economists say concern that the central bank won’t act to rein in inflation shouldn’t be among them.

It is virtually guaranteed that the Fed will hike interest rates next month to combat rising prices even if Sarah Bloom Raskin, Lisa Cook and Philip Jefferson are yet to be confirmed by the Senate, according to three economists who spoke with CNBC.

The Fed is “going to raise rates in March,” said Jason Furman, who served as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Obama administration. “The only question is, do they raise by 25 basis points or 50 basis points?”

The White House and top Democrats have in recent days raised concerns that without a fully staffed Fed board of governors, the central bank will lose its edge on rising prices. But economists suggested the urgency behind that messaging is politically motivated and that the Fed’s chances to quell inflation aren’t tied to this confirmation process.

Democrats on the Senate Banking Committee are frustrated with an ongoing Republican boycott that is preventing them from advancing all five of the president’s Fed nominees, including current board members Chair Jerome Powell and Lael Brainard.

The GOP says the main reason behind their blockade is concern over Raskin, her views on climate policy and her prior work for fintech company Reserve Trust.

But economists who are tracking the inflation outlook say the Fed is equipped to curb inflation even if the politics stays messy.

Furman said lawmakers should take comfort in the fact that the Fed has already telegraphed several rates hikes ahead.

“I don’t think [the nominees] dramatically change the course of monetary policy one way or the other in the near future,” Furman, now a professor of economics at Harvard University, said of Raskin, Cook and Jefferson.

Asked for comment, the White House referred CNBC to a statement made by Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen in January about the president’s candidates.

“I am confident these nominees will build on that progress. I also know that these individuals will respect the tradition of an independent Fed, as they work to fight inflation, support a strong labor market and ensure our economic growth benefits all workers,” Yellen said on Jan. 14.

“I strongly believe that a fully staffed Federal Reserve is critical to our economic success, and I urge the Senate to act swiftly to confirm these nominees,” she added at the time.

The Fed, the globe’s most powerful central bank, is tasked by Congress to maximize employment and keep inflation in check through adjustments to interest rates. It tends to raise borrowing costs when it feels the economy may be overheating, and it cuts rates in times of economic duress.

It slashed rates to near zero in the spring of 2020 as the Covid-19 pandemic swept across the world and forced thousands of businesses nationwide to close. But now, with vaccines widely available and annualized inflation running north of 7%, the Fed is widely expected to make it more expensive to borrow throughout 2022.

Investors say there’s a 71% chance the Fed raises the overnight lending by 25 basis points at its March meeting, while 29% are betting they go big with a 50-basis-point jump, according to the CME Group’s FedWatch tool.

But with Republicans holding up the confirmation of the president’s nominees, some Democrats have suggested in recent days that the Fed could be left without sufficient firepower to curb the steep inflation.

“Everyone understands we need a full Federal Reserve Board — the first one in nearly a decade — to tackle inflation and bring prices down for American families,” Jen Psaki, the White House press secretary, said on Wednesday.

That sentiment was echoed a day later by Sen. Sherrod Brown, the chairman of the Senate Banking Committee that is attempting to recommend the president’s nominees to the broader Senate.

Brown, D-Ohio, also alluded to the ongoing GOP boycott and Republican Sen. Pat Toomey’s demand to hold Raskin back for further questioning.

“Ranking Member Toomey is holding up our fight against inflation because Ms. Bloom Raskin doesn’t remember a phone call from five years ago,” Brown said in a press release on Thursday.

Moody’s Analytics economist Mark Zandi said Thursday that he likes all of Biden’s nominees, but added that he’s certain the Fed will hike next month.

“Oh yeah. That’s a slam dunk. It’s just a question of how many rate hikes this year, and for the March meeting, whether they should go for a 50-basis-point hike as opposed to a quarter-point hike,” Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics, said Thursday.

“I think there are a lot of reasons why these nominees should be approved,” Zandi said. “But I wouldn’t put fighting inflation at the top of the list.”

Michael Feroli, chief economist at JPMorgan, went even further.

He suggested Thursday evening that the additions of Raskin, Cook and Jefferson to the Fed’s governing body would make the central bank more “dovish,” or more apt in general to favor easier monetary policy and lower rates.

“The Board and Committee can operate fine without the confirmations,” he wrote in an email. “It’s not like adding three doves will speed up the hiking cycle.”

Sales of previously owned homes in January rose 6.7% from December to a seasonally adjusted annualized rate of 6.5 million units, according to the National Association of Realtors. That exceeded Wall Street expectations significantly. Sales were 2.3% lower compared with January 2021.

The supply of homes for sale fell to a record low, down 16.5% from a year ago. There were just 860,000 homes for sale at the end of January. At the current sales pace it would take just 1.6 months to exhaust that inventory. A 4 to 6-month supply is considered a balanced market. That is also a record low.

“Seller traffic is very very low, implying that inventory is struggling to make the turn. Realtors are indicating multiple bidding wars are still happening,” said Lawrence Yun, chief economist for the Realtors.

Tight supply and strong demand pushed the median price of a home sold in January to $350,300, an increase of 15.4% from January 2021.

That price is being somewhat skewed by the fact that the bulk of sales activity is on the higher end of the market. Supply is leanest on the low end. Homes priced between $100,000 and $250,000 were down 23% from a year ago, while sales of homes priced between $750,000 and $1 million rose 33%. Sales of homes priced above $1 million were up 39%.

Homes are also selling fast, with an average 19 days to go under contract. One year ago, when the market was also strong, days-on-market was 21.

These sales are based on contracts signed in November and December, before mortgage rates began to rise sharply. The average rate on the 30-year fixed loan was around 3.2% during that time. Now it is just over 4%, according to Mortgage News Daily.

The share of sales made all in cash rose to 27% from 19% a year ago. Part of that may be due to a rise in the investor share to 22% from 15% a year ago.

“Investors are really popping out, and this may be why we’re seeing a pop in home sales,” said Yun.

“The major question is whether rising rates will quench housing demand that stems, in large part, from a demographic tidal wave of young households at key homebuying ages,” said Danielle Hale, chief economist for Realtor.com. “Our expectation is that we’ll continue to see home sales at a relatively high level throughout 2022, as post-pandemic shifts like rising workplace flexibility enable would-be buyers to expand their geographic search horizons and find an affordable place to call home.”

Sales of newly-built homes, which are counted by contracts signed during the month not closings, jumped nearly 12% in December from November. Buyers are turning more to new construction because of the very low supply of existing homes for sale. Unfortunately builders are not keeping up with demand, as supply chain and labor issues slow production.